The key components include a bellows, end pipes, tie rods, flanges, and guide brackets:
- Bellows: The core part, typically made of high-temperature and corrosion-resistant metals such as stainless steel. Its corrugated design provides high elasticity, enabling flexible expansion and contraction.
- Flanges: Usually made of carbon steel or stainless steel, they connect the expansion joint to the pipeline, ensuring a secure fit with the 100LB pressure class.
- Tie rods: Limit the stretching range of the expansion joint to prevent over-extension.
- Guide brackets: Help ensure displacement occurs in the specified direction, maintaining stable operation.
It operates on the principle of compensation: the bellows’ flexibility absorbs pipeline expansion and displacement caused by temperature changes. When the pipeline expands or contracts due to temperature fluctuations, the bellows stretches or compresses accordingly, reducing stress concentration in the system and preventing issues like pipe cracking or loose joints.
- Strong compensation capability: Achieves large axial, lateral, or angular displacement compensation in limited space, ideal for compact piping systems.
- High temperature and pressure resistance: Withstands temperatures up to 400°C or higher, and operates stably under 100LB pressure conditions.
- Excellent corrosion resistance: Stainless steel bellows enable long-term operation in corrosive media (e.g., acidic gases or chemical liquids), reducing maintenance costs.
- Bellows expansion joint: The most common type, using elastic corrugated structures to absorb axial, lateral, or angular displacements.
- Sleeve expansion joint: Features inner and outer sleeves that slide axially to compensate for large displacements, suitable for scenarios requiring significant movement but with stricter installation requirements.
- Rotary expansion joint: Equipped with rotating bearings to compensate for angular displacement, ideal for equipment rotation parts or pipeline corners.
- Petrochemical industry: Absorbs thermal expansion in refinery pipelines, ensuring stability in high-temperature and frequent temperature-fluctuation environments.
- Power industry: Effectively compensates for displacement in steam pipelines of thermal power plants, guaranteeing normal operation of equipment.
- Building HVAC systems: Relieves pipeline stress caused by temperature changes in large-scale heating and ventilation systems, preventing pipe damage and leaks.